Asthma

During breathing the air inhaled through the nose and mouth enters the respiratory passages. Then, the air entering the respiratory system passes through the trachea, then splits into the bronchi, bronchioles and finally enters tiny sacs called "alveoli" where the exchange of gases takes place.

Asthma is a disorder of obstruction to breathing due to inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes.

Initially the bronchial tubes become inflamed and produce thick mucus.

Later the muscle surrounding these airways tightens, and air cannot move freely.

This is called "bronchospasm".

This result is shortness of breath, and the air moving through the tightened airways causes a whistling sound known as wheezing.

Pollen, pet dander, weather changes, tobacco smoke, etc. can trigger and worsen asthma symptoms in susceptible patients.

Short-acting bronchodilator drugs which can be inhaled provide immediate dilation of the constricted bronchi.

Other medications used in Asthma include:

• Long-acting bronchodilators

• Inhaled Corticosteroids

• Inhaled anti-inflammatories: Cromolyn sodium and Nedocromil

• Leukotriene modifiers

• Methylxanthines

• Oral corticosteroids

Asthma patients need to work together with their doctor to develop a medication plan.